Monday, April 7, 2014

Synthetic Designer Drugs

Renata Fraga Cardoso
Professor: Hannah Griggs
Writing Practice
April 7th, 2014



            There are some chemicals that resemble illegal drugs but are allowed to be on the market. Amateur drug makers are developing  ways to minimally modify the chemical structure of illegal compounds to sell them as a legal products. These synthetic drugs are not detectable in standard drug tests because the compound does not have the same chemical structure as illegal drugs. These products are sold in attractive packaging as innocent-sounding products, such as, bath salts, incenses, plant food or jewelry cleaner. According to Cleveland Clinic Journal Medicine, "These substances are not what they appear to be. They are sold as bath salts and incense and are labeled “not for human consumption” simply to avoid regulation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)". This practice is increasing each day and is hindering the war against drugs.
            One of the most popular product is called "Spice". It includes many herbal mixtures that mimic the ingredients and effects of marijuana (cannabis). Cannabis has an active ingredient known as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) while the active ingredient of spice is known as synthetic cannabinoids.  In other words, it is an alternative found to sell cannabis freely in the market. In addition, it is also called K2, Yucatan Fire, Skunk, Moon Rocks and others. Synthetic marijuana is used in a similar way to cannabis. It can be smoked, ingested, and baked into foods, such as brownies and tea. This product is sold as incense in many smoke shops, gas stations, tobacco products and through the internet and they are selling for 20 to 30 dollars per package.  In addition, it is consumed generally by teenagers and young people that are 12 to 19 years old.
            Another popular product is called "bath salts". Bath salts are a synthetic cathinones, an amphetamine-like stimulant and they are marketed as legal alternatives to cocaine, LSD and ecstasy. The most important active ingredient of the illegal drug is 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). It is found in cocaine and other anphetamines. The active ingredient contained in this synthetic drug is very to these illegal drugs. This kind of synthetic drug is marketed as keyboard cleaner, plant food, and jewelry cleaner. In general, they are sold online and they are called Ivory Wave, Bloom, Cloud Nine, Lunar Wave, Vanilla Sky, White Lightning, and Scarface.
            These products are not just drugs, they are considered poison. Even though they are labeled as not for human consumption, they are used for this goal. According to the Office Of National Drug Control Center, "The effects of synthetic cannabinoids include severe agitation and anxiety, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia (fast, racing heartbeat), elevated blood pressure, tremors and seizures, hallucinations, dilated pupils, and suicidal and other harmful thoughts and/or actions. Similar to the adverse effects of cocaine, LSD, and methamphetamine, synthetic cathinone use is associated with increased heart rate and blood pressure, chest pain, extreme paranoia, hallucinations, delusions, and violent behavior, which causes users to harm themselves or others". Even though these products are similar to illegal drugs, they are more dangerous. Some of them presents 800 times more of active ingredients contained in their formula and it increases the risk of death.
            In addition, these products are a challenge to the police and researchers to combat. One of the challenges is to find what its the origin is. Another challenge is to identify new compounds because at the same time that the police are banning some products, other products with different formula are appearing.  However, the first step for them is to discover where it is produced. Joseph T. Rannazzisi,  Deputy Assistant Administrator Office of Diversion Control Drug Enforcement Administration United States Department of Justice, says that the synthetic substances are suspected to be manufactured in bulk quantities in countries such as China, Pakistan, and India, and some of the actual products may be packaged for wholesale distribution in intermediate locations such as Eastern Europe. They want to find these places to stop the production because it is harmful for human health and many people have had serious side effects when they consumed these synthetic drugs. This problem is not affecting just the police who are working hard on this problem, it also affects people's lives. Many adolescents are consuming these drugs thinking it is not dangerous or harmful.
            One way to help the police find more products to investigate is calling to poison centers, such as, American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC).  Through these centers, it is easier to identify victims and alert the people about the consumption of these drugs. According to these centers, they took 303 calls a about bath salts in 2010 and then this number increased to  5,226 between January and September in 2011. More than fifty percent of calls involved young patients, such as under 25 years old. These calls are helping the police to find the places where it is fabricated and where it is sold. Another way to help the police is to keep people informed about these products. This action can prevent and avoid the consumption of these synthetic drugs.
            In conclusion, even though these products are freely sold, they cause several dangerous side effects.  Moreover, these drugs are also destroying families and damaging  lives. However, unfortunately,  this practice is increasing each day and it is hard to identify. As a result, the police and researchers are working together to identify these compounds quickly because they need to remove these products from the market.


Works Cited
Collins, Gregory. Jerry, Jason. Streem, David.  "Synthetic legal intoxicating drugs: The emerging ‘incense’ and ‘bath salt’ phenomenon". Cleveland Clinic Journal Medicine. April 2012. Web. April 2nd. 2014. <http://www.ccjm.org/content/79/4/258.long\>Office Of National Drug Control Center. "Synthetic Drugs (a.k.a. K2, Spice, Bath Salts, etc.)". White House. Web. April 5th. 2014.
<http://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp/ondcp-fact-sheets/synthetic-drugs-k2-spice-bath-salts>
American Association of Poison Control Centers ."Synthetic Drugs - Dangerous and Deadly".  APCC. October 26th , 2011 . Web April 5th, 2014. <http://aapcc.wordpress.com/2011/10/26/synthetic-drugs-%E2%80%93-dangerous-and-deadly/>

Rannazzisi , Joseph T., “The Dangers Of Synthetic Cannabinoids And Stimulants" Department of the Justice. April 6th, 2011. Web. April 5th, 2014. <http://www.justice.gov/dea/pr/speeches-testimony/2012-2009/110412_testimony.pdf>

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